Urban WASH

Our WASH programming has traditionally focused on the needs of rural communities. However more than 58% of the world’s population currently lives in urban areas and this number is growing. Globally, urban areas have higher water and sanitation coverage than rural areas, but significant disparities exist within cities.

Deep and profound inequalities within urban areas mean that the most at risk urban communities are being left behind, often with little or no access to water and sanitation services. Furthermore, due to climate change, urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to floods, droughts and heatwaves.

WASH in urban settings is a key strategic priority of the IFRC and National Societies. Much more has to be done in order to address the fast-increasing demand and need for WASH services for urban communities, before, during and after emergencies.

Our approach

Sustainable management of water resources in urban areas requires solid investment and collaboration from government, the public sector and communities. This integrated approach can offer strong resilience, particularly in the face of climatic events and protracted crisis. 

As well as having an impact on public health, improving and managing access to water, sanitation and good hygiene practices aims to strengthen preparedness for future shocks and improve living conditions, particularly for vulnerable communities living in urban areas. 

Our key areas of work in Urban WASH

Supporting National Societies in implementing activities and projects in Urban WASH, focusing on both emergency and development.

Empowering local public water and sanitation service providers.

We help public service providers to deliver affordable and high-quality services at scale by making our expertise and resources available. We collaborate to increase safe water access, safe sanitation services and to improve disaster preparedness, while continually focusing on the inclusion of the most vulnerable.

Developing, sharing and coordinating resources and lessons learned through the Urban WASH Technical Working Group. 

Partnering with academic institutions and other organizations leading in Urban WASH.

Developing trainings and resource material for Red Cross practitioners. 

Our focus areas in Urban WASH

  • Focus on low-income communities and the most vulnerable.
  • Support community-led decision-making processes;
  • Advocate for national and local pro-poor policies and practices
  • Establish connections/partnerships in WASH with local community-based organizations.

  • Support to extend the scope of local service providers to include the full sanitation service chain (towards a Citywide inclusive sanitation approach), potentially including also low-cost low-tech faecal sludge management and solid waste management.
  • Support water and sanitation utilities in their pro-poor measures and emphasize the importance of good customer services.
  • Support to manage non-revenue water to provide better levels of service to poor communities.

Guide (local) governments in the development of regulations and operator licensing systems that ensure a good quality of affordable services for communities and people living in informal settlements.

  • Build trust between poor urban communities and utilities; complement utilities and extend their mandates to implement to the household level, with proper household connections.
  • Support public water and sanitation utilities through demand creation for safe and sustainable services
  • Engage with regulators to influence tariff policies so that they truly serve the interests of low-income communities and people living in informal settlements.
  • Awareness raising on rights and responsibilities of clients of water and sanitation utilities, leading to better and stronger relationships between client and service provider.
  • Support water and sanitation utilities in the implementation of improved user feedback mechanisms and additional interventions that will support low-income customers. 

  • Promote safe WASH behavior using strategies that specifically adapt to urban contexts.
  • Involve vulnerable groups, such as women, children, minorities, migrants, refugees, older people and people with disabilities, so their needs are taken into account.

  • Build pre-crisis local water partnerships, which will allow for better collaboration and coordination at time of crisis. 
  • Respond to disasters and emergencies in urban settlements when they occur, focusing on market-based response and cash and voucher assistance.
  • Engage with governments, authorities, and service providers on contingency planning for urban disasters, to increase their preparedness and readiness.
  • Specifically develop disaster preparedness packages for water and sanitation utilities
  • Advocate for a risk-based approach with urban authorities, communities and service providers.
  • Engage utilities and service providers in epidemic preparedness and response.

  • Promote increased investment in climate resilient and climate friendly Urban WASH infrastructure, green technology as well as were ever possible nature-based solutions.

  • Urban volunteers – Develop new approaches and concepts to mobilize, engage and maintain more volunteers in urban settings.
  • Support National Societies in establishing Urban WASH concepts, programs and partnerships with support through the Urban WASH TWG. 

In focus: Transforming urban water access in Ghana

In Ghana, a big part of the urban population lives in congested, sub-standard structures. These people often do not have a connection to the public water distribution system at their house. Instead they are dependent on commercial water vendors and have to pay more for water compared to those who are connected to the public system. The lack of access to clean water also poses serious health risks, protection concerns, and undermines human dignity.

A unique partnership between Ghana Red Cross, Ghana Water Company Limited and the Netherlands Red Cross aims to tackle these issues. Since 2021, the partnership has been working to deliver more effective water supply to urban poor through a unique partnership, combining the technical knowledge of utilities and the power of community engagement from Ghana Red Cross to drive behavior change and transform less advantaged people into responsible water customers. This includes targeted behavioral change campaigns based on community motivations and perspectives, and the use of a voucher subsidy system for the most vulnerable families.

Find out more in the case study or listen to our podcast >>

Our key resources and guidelines

Urban WASH Technical Working Group (TWiG)

Key external references

Explore our Urban WASH resources

Keep up-to-date

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