Green techniques for toilet waste management in emergency situations

With over 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon, the impacts of protracted conflict continue to worsen. Refugee settlements are scattered throughout the country and vary in size and conditions. Already inadequate service provision in the country is under severe strain with intensified demand. For example wastewater management has been poor for a long time with only around 8 % of total wastewater treated before the Syria crisis. Increased pressure on wastewater management services, is resulting in a negative impact on the environment, health and society.